Hypertension - what is it

Fatal pathology of the cardiovascular system develops with high blood pressure. Characteristic jumps are dangerous to health, and in the absence of timely therapy, doctors do not rule out a hypertensive crisis. 30% of all patients experience such a problem, and the symptom is constantly getting younger.

What is hypertension

Arterial hypertension is an independent disease in which blood pressure is disturbed. If earlier only adult patients suffered from the characteristic disease, now modern youth are also in danger. Arterial hypertension without timely treatment can cause disability, leading to death.

When measuring the outlet pressure, a double indicator is obtained. When you decipher it, you can get a real clinical picture. The first value is characterized by systolic (upper) pressure, which corresponds to the force of contraction of the heart walls. The second is diastolic (lower), which shows pathogenesis during myocardial relaxation. Hypertension can be diagnosed at home using a classic tonometer, but requires clarification in a hospital setting.

Degrees

The pathological process attacks gradually, the symptoms imperceptibly intensify, frighten with their intensity and cause other heart problems. In the body, hypertension manifests itself in one of three degrees - what it is, a cardiologist will tell you. The conditional classification of a characteristic disease with short characteristics is shown below:

  1. The first degree is basic. The increase in blood pressure is insignificant, limited to 139-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Art. At the beginning, the symptom appears unexpectedly, and then it disappears imperceptibly. The pathology can still be cured.
  2. The second degree is moderate. Possible deviations from the norm remain within 160–180 / 100–110 mm Hg. Art. , while this indicator is almost impossible to stabilize. The risk of hypertensive crisis increases.
  3. The third degree is pronounced. Deviations from the norm are frightening in their scale, approaching 180 and more / 111 mm Hg. Art. If hypertension manifests itself in this way, the degree of the pathological process leads to a violation of cardiac activity.
measuring blood pressure for hypertension

Types

This disease has several conditional classifications that help the specialist to more accurately characterize the clinical picture, make an adequate diagnosis and select the most effective treatment for timely relief of anxiety symptoms. All existing types of hypertension are briefly described below:

  • by etiology: arterial hypertension of primary and secondary forms;
  • symptomatic (secondary) hypertension: drug, endocrine, hemodynamic, renal, neurogenic;
  • by complications: hypertensive crisis, malignant or labile hypertension.

Causes of hypertension

To ensure a long period of remission, it is important to study the etiology of the pathological process. The main causes of hypertension are impaired blood circulation through the veins, limited flow to the left ventricle of the heart. In modern medicine there is a logical explanation for this - structural changes in blood vessels with age, the formation of blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques in their cavities.

In men

Women are more prone to the characteristic ailment, but it can also thrive in the male body. The main causes of hypertension in men are presented below, but experts strongly recommend avoiding such provoking factors and eliminating them from your life in a timely manner. This is:

  • stressful situations;
  • genetic predisposition;
  • bad habits;
  • previous injuries associated with a violation of the circulatory system;
  • age-related changes in blood vessels, loss of elasticity;
  • alcoholism;
  • predisposition or presence of one form of obesity.
alcoholism as a cause of hypertension

Among women

If hypertension progresses in a woman's body - what it is, you can find out at the examination by a local therapist, a highly specialized specialist. The diagnosis is unpleasant, it is difficult to treat effectively. To avoid complications in time, it is important to know the main causes of hypertension in women. This is:

  • severe emotional shock, crisis, prolonged stress;
  • overweight, obesity;
  • disturbed hormonal background;
  • pre-menopausal condition;
  • increase in blood cholesterol;
  • elderly patient.

Signs of hypertension

Knowing what hypertension is, the patient must react in a timely manner to changes in the general condition characteristic of the disease. Differentiating hypertension is not easy, it is the task of the doctor, so it is important not to delay the diagnosis. There is instability of blood pressure, susceptible to external stimuli. Other signs of hypertension depend on the gender of the potential cardiologist.

Among women

Representatives of the weaker sex react sharply to even the smallest changes in health, so it is easier for them to recognize the appearance of problems in their own body. The disease can affect the patient in an "interesting position". The main signs of hypertension in women are:

  • spontaneous headache at different times of the day;
  • lowering of vision, loss of sharpness with sharp turns of the body and head;
  • swelling of the lower extremities;
  • excessive irritability;
  • facial swelling in the morning.
headache with hypertension

In men

Patients do not initially feel changes in their general mood, and the least discomfort relates to increased physical activity, excessive fatigue, or environmental factors. Over time, the symptoms of hypertension in men become more pronounced, indicating progressive heart failure. This is:

  • decreased potency, sex problems;
  • drop in concentration;
  • increased shortness of breath;
  • depressed state;
  • fly syndrome in front of the eyes with sudden movements.

Treatment

Knowing who the hypertensives are, we can say with certainty that these people have to "sit" on pills all their lives in order to maintain their overall health at a "satisfactory" rating. There is no way to completely cure the disease, but it is quite possible to cure it. If you are interested in how to treat hypertension, the features of the conservative method are presented below. needed:

  1. Perform all necessary tests to determine the stage and form of the disease.
  2. Get rid of bad habits, go on a therapeutic diet.
  3. Take antihypertensive drugs regularly;
  4. Eliminate the risk of complications by regular examination by a specialist, folk remedies.
drugs for hypertension

How to treat hypertension without medication

If there is no desire to take an antihypertensive drug, and the attitude towards drugs is sharply negative, what to do with hypertension? Doctors recommend staying outdoors more often, taking multivitamin complexes with iron content to maintain systemic circulation, giving up bad habits and choosing effective cardio exercises. Do not lead an isolated lifestyle. However, in the relapse phase, you still need to take medication for hypertension to avoid the risk of complications during myocardial function.

Diet for hypertension and heart disease

Therapeutic diet eliminates salt consumption, is aimed at controlling the water balance in the body. If hypertension is diagnosed - what exactly is it, how to treat it, the cardiologist will tell you. For example, the diet for hypertension and heart disease provides for the following restrictions in the patient's usual diet. The following foods are considered prohibited:

  • caffeinated beverages;
  • sharpness, pickles, smoked meat;
  • viscera;
  • alcohol;
  • fatty foods.

If this is chronic hypertension - what is it in terms of diet? Allowed:

  • lean meat;
  • unsalted cereals;
  • dairy products.